[中国农业银行贷款]2020中国农业银行校园招聘考试英语笔试题（二）

知识点3：阅读理解题——短篇(3道题)

Governments and central banks like there to be “just enough” growth in an economy — not too much that could lead to inflation getting out of control, but not so little that there is stagnation. Their aim is the so-called “Goldilocks economy” — not too hot, but not too cold.

One of the main tools they have to control growth is raising or lowering interest rates. Lower interest rates encourage people or companies to spend money rather than save.

But when interest rates are at almost zero, central banks need to adopt different tactics — such as pumping money directly into the financial system.

This process is known as quantitative easing, or QE.

The central bank buys assets, usually government bonds. It then uses this money to buy bonds from investors such as banks or pension funds. It can also push interest rates lower across the economy. This in turn should allow businesses to invest and consumers to spend more, giving a knock-on boost to the economy.

46. It can be inferred from the passage that higher interest rates ______.

A. encourage people or companies to spend money

B. encourage people or companies to save money

C. lead to inflation getting out of control

D. prevent people from making more money

47. According to the passage, what tactic can the government use to control the economic development?

A. Raising or lowering interest rates.

B. Pumping money directly into the financial system.

C. Buying bonds from investors such as banks or pension funds.

D. All of above

48. What is TRUE about QE according to the passage?

A. It represents qualitative easing.

B. It only means the tool that pumping money directly into the financial system.

C. It is the process to control the economic growth.

D. It is adopted when interest rates are at zero.

46.【答案】B。解析：推断题。根据题干关键词interest rates定位至文章第二段Lower interest rates encourage people or companies to spend money rather than save. 低利率鼓励人们或公司花钱，而不是存钱。由此可以推断高利率会引起相反的行为，即鼓励人们或公司存钱，而不是花钱。故答案选B。A项是低利率会引起的行为，且是文章原句，不是推断，排除;根据文章首句Governments and central banks like there to be “just enough” growth in an economy — not too much that could lead to inflation getting out of control… 可知是增长太快容易导致通胀失控，不是指高利率，故C项错误;D项“阻止人们赚更多的钱”在文中没有提到，排除。综上所述，答案选B。

47.【答案】D。解析：细节题。该题需根据选项定位原文。根据A项可定位至文章第二段首句One of the main tools they have to control growth is raising or lowering interest rates. 他们控制经济增长的主要手段之一是提高或降低利率。由此可知A项是举措，正确;根据B项定位至文章第三段But when interest rates are at almost zero, central banks need to adopt different tactics — such as pumping money directly into the financial system. 但当利率几乎为零时，央行需要采取不同的策略——比如直接向金融体系注资。由此可知B项是举措，正确;根据C项定位至原文最后一段前两句话The central bank buys assets, usually government bonds. It then uses this money to buy bonds from investors such as banks or pension funds. 央行会购买政府债券。然后用这些钱从银行或养老基金等投资者手中购买债券。由此可知C项是举措，正确。A、B、C均是措施，故选D。

48.【答案】C。解析：细节题。根据题干关键词QE定位至倒数第二段This process is known as quantitative easing, or QE. 这一过程被称为量化宽松。再结合前文可知this process指的就是政府和央行控制经济增长的过程。故答案选C。A项错在qualitative;B项错在only，太过绝对;根据第三段But when interest rates are at almost zero…(当利率几乎为零时)可知D项错在缺少almost。

近几年情况命题趋势分析：

根据农行春招考情，题型题量较稳定，总题量80道，单选45道，阅读35道。单选主要考查词汇和语法，其中词汇占比较大，近义词、形近词辨析和短语辨析考查比例增加;题干普遍偏长，选项基本均为六级词汇，整体难度六级;阅读理解考查四级短篇和四六级常规阅读，托业类文章考查减少，整体难度四级，个别文章达到六级水平;话题多样化，涉及经济金融类、科学研究类、社会自然类等;单选题干与阅读文章多选自外文网站。